AN INEXPENSIVE MATERIAL FOR LINING SOIL TRENCHES

Tungsten tetraboride, an inexpensive superhard material.

Tungsten tetraboride (WB(4)) is an interesting candidate as a less expensive member of the growing group of superhard transition metal borides. WB(4) was successfully synthesized by arc melting from the elements. Characterization using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates that the as-synthesized material is phase pure. The zero-pressure bulk mo...

Manganese mono-boride, an inexpensive room temperature ferromagnetic hard material

We synthesized orthorhombic FeB-type MnB (space group: Pnma) with high pressure and high temperature method. MnB is a promising soft magnetic material, which is ferromagnetic with Curie temperature as high as 546.3 K, and high magnetization value up to 155.5 emu/g, and comparatively low coercive field. The strong room temperature ferromagnetic properties stem from the positive exchange-correlat...

Evaluation of an inexpensive sensor to measure soil color

Nonlinear Lining Design Considering Soil-Lining Interaction, Case Study: Gilavand Tunnel

There are various methods for the analysis of the interactional behavior of the surrounding land, using the lining structure which is the most common method of deigning lining structure tools for the static loads by using the hyper static methods. In recent years, there has been a question that depicts whether this method provides the best results in designing the tunnel structure or not.Due to...

An inexpensive device for transillumination.

Patients with cracked-tooth syndrome often present with a chief complaint of vague pains while eating that they cannot localize, making the diagnosis difficult. Frequently practitioners are unable to discover the cause of their symptoms, so treatment is delayed, which can result in apical propagation of the crack, leading to unrestorable vertical root fracture. Transillumination is a valuable a...